The meninges are protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges, each with a specific function:

1. Dura Mater:
   • The outermost layer.
   • It is thick, tough, and fibrous, providing strong protection for the brain and spinal cord. In the brain, it is attached to the inner surface of the skull, while in the spinal cord, it is separated from the vertebrae by the epidural space.
2. Arachnoid Mater:
   • The middle layer.
   • It is a thin, web-like membrane that lies beneath the dura mater. The space between the arachnoid and pia mater is called the subarachnoid space, which contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that cushions the brain and spinal cord.
3. Pia Mater:
   • The innermost layer.
   • This delicate membrane adheres closely to the surface of the brain and spinal cord, following their contours. It helps in nourishing the brain and spinal cord by holding blood vessels that supply these structures.

These layers provide physical protection, help regulate the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, and create a barrier against infections.